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Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Home sweet home: Rays handle Yankees, again

Associated Press Sports

updated 10:13 p.m. ET July 3, 2012

ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (AP) - Sean Rodriguez turned his extra pregame work into a big offensive performance.

Rodriguez hit a go-ahead two-run homer, helping the Tampa Bay Rays continue their home dominance over the New York Yankees in a 7-4 victory over the AL East leaders on Tuesday night.

Rodriguez, mired in a 17 for 100 slump dating back to May 21, finished with 3 for 4.

"Any night with three hits, and it's always good," Rodriguez said.

Rodriguez has spent the past few days working early with Rays hitting coach Derek Shelton.

"Definitely been more focused on certain things," Rodriguez said. "Positioning in the box. What my mindset is when I get in the box, and what I'm looking for. Having the right approach."

After blowing a three-run lead, New York went ahead 4-3 on Eric Chavez's RBI single during the fourth. Tampa Bay responded in the bottom half and grabbed a 5-4 lead on Rodriguez's first homer since May 27 off Ivan Nova (9-3).

"Great at-bats," Rays manager Joe Maddon said about Rodriguez. "Obviously, the home run was big. Struck the ball well. I'm sure that's going to really bolster his confidence."

James Shields (8-5) gave up four runs and 10 hits over seven innings for the Rays, who have won nine straight at Tropicana Field over the Yankees.

"We've got to find a way to win a game," New York manager Joe Girardi said. "We haven't played well and we've had a lead the last couple of nights, but given it up. We've got to find a way to hold the lead. Tonight wasn't a good game for us. We have to put up a good game tomorrow to win."

Tampa Bay extended its lead to 7-4 with a two-run seventh. After Desmond Jennings stole home on a play that had catcher Russell Martin make a bad throw to second on B.J. Upton's stolen base attempt, Ben Zobrist had a run-scoring single.

Nova, who entered 5-0 in his past seven starts, allowed six runs and seven hits in six-plus innings. The right-hander had won his previous four starts against Tampa Bay.

Fernando Rodney, the Rays' third reliever, pitched the ninth for his 24th save.

New York took a 2-0 lead in the first when Curtis Granderson had an RBI double and Robinson Cano hit a run-scoring single.

Cano, who has driven in at least one run in a career-high seven consecutive games, was then doubled off first on Nick Swisher's one-out fly to center. Cano was also thrown out at the plate on a relay throw from Rodriguez and a nice tag by catcher Jose Molina on Raul Ibanez's sixth-inning double.

"That was a very big moment in tonight's game," Maddon said.

Dewayne Wise made it 3-0 on a third-inning solo homer.

Wise nearly threw out Elliot Johnson out at the plate from left field on Upton's two-out single later in the third, but a sliding Johnson was called safe when Martin juggled the ball during the tag try. Jeff Keppinger then tied it at 3 on a two-run single.

"It's a bad one for me," Martin said. "Offensively I've been pretty bad all year, but defensively, normally, is kind of a salvage, but today was just a bad one overall. I felt like this is pretty much my loss. If I make that play in the third inning, it's a whole different ball game."

Martin, hitting .182, went 0 for 4 and is hitless in his past 23 at-bats.

Yankees first baseman Mark Teixeira was out of the lineup on a planned day off that was set up about a week ago. The break came one day after Teixeira made his first error in 94 games, a misplayed two-out grounder in the seventh inning that allowed the eventual winning run to score in New York's 4-3 loss to Tampa Bay.

Chavez, who took Teixeira's spot, was charged with an error after mishandling Zobrist's grounder in the third.

NOTES: Rays LHP David Price (11-4), who left his previous start last Friday after seven innings because of lower back tightness, will go against Yankees RHP David Phelps (1-3) in Wednesday's series finale. Phelps is filling for New York ace CC Sabathia, who has been out since straining his left groin on June 24. ... Sabathia threw in the outfield for the second consecutive game, including at 60 feet. The left-hander expects to have a mound session this weekend. ... Tampa Bay OF Matt Joyce (strained left oblique) is set to join Triple-A Durham and will have his status evaluated after playing Thursday.

More news

What a blast! White Sox crush Rangers

Kevin Youkilis, Adam Dunn and Alex Rios homered in the first inning off Roy Oswalt and All-Star Chris Sale won his 10th game Tuesday night and the Chicago White Sox routed the Texas Rangers 19-2.

Chipper's 1st 5-hit game in decade lifts Braves

ATLANTA (AP) - Newly chosen All-Star Chipper Jones delivered his first five-hit game in a decade, driving in four runs Tuesday night and leading the Atlanta Braves over the Chicago Cubs 10-3.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/48067211/ns/sports-baseball/

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Tuesday, July 3, 2012

'Unreal': Residents tour Colo. blaze devastation

Residents of the Mountain Shadows area view their properties on Sunday, July 1, 2012, in Colorado Springs, Colo. Even people who know their homes are still standing have some anxiety over temporary visits being allowed today to wildfire-devastated neighborhoods around Colorado Springs. About 10,000 people are still out of their homes, having been among 30,000 who initially fled the most destructive fire in Colorado's history.(AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Susannah Kay)

Cars wait in a traffic line on Vindicator Drive to check in at Eagleview Middle School in order to view their homes Sunday, July 1, 2012, in Colorado Springs, Colo. Even people who know their homes are still standing have some anxiety over temporary visits being allowed today to wildfire-devastated neighborhoods around Colorado Springs. About 10,000 people are still out of their homes, having been among 30,000 who initially fled the most destructive fire in Colorado's history.(AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Susannah Kay)

This Sunday, July 1, 2012 video image taken from AP video shows a group of firefighters raising an American flag above a section of the burned out neighborhood, Mountain Shadows, Colo. Almost 350 homes burned to the ground last week in the Waldo Canyon fire, one of many still raging across the West. (AP Photo/AP Video, C.J. Moore)

Immanuel Mgana holds his daughter Grace Mgana, 2, as he surveys what is left of their home Sunday, July 1, 2012, into the Mountain Shadows subdivision of Colorado Springs, Colo., after the Waldo Canyon fire ravaged the neighborhood. Immanuel had been deployed in the army in East Africa but was allowed to return home when he got word of the damage. So far, the blaze, now 45 percent contained, has damaged or destroyed nearly 350 homes. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, Helen H. Richardson) MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET OUT

Melissa Mgana kisses her young daughter Sofia, 5, as she surveys what is left of their home Sunday, July 1, 2012, into the Mountain Shadows subdivision of Colorado Springs, Colo., after the Waldo Canyon fire ravaged the neighborhood. Her husband Immanuel had been deployed in the army in East Africa but was allowed to return home when he got word of the damage. So far, the blaze, now 45 percent contained, has damaged or destroyed nearly 350 homes. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, Helen H. Richardson) MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET OUT

LARAMIE, Wyo. (AP) ? Cars were burned to nothing but charred metal and only concrete remained of many homes in the neighborhoods most damaged by the worst wildfire in Colorado history.

But for residents allowed Sunday to temporarily return to the area for the first time since they fled encroaching flames last week, the fact that other things were left untouched was equally jarring.

"Good Lord! I've never seen anything like this," said C.J. Moore upon her return to her two-story home, now reduced to ashes and one of nearly 350 houses that were damaged or destroyed in the Waldo Canyon fire that left two people dead.

While searching for her great-grandmother's cast-iron skillets, Moore marveled at the juxtaposition of what burned and what hadn't. "To find my mail in my mailbox, unscathed. It's just unreal," she told The Associated Press by phone. "Bird baths are fine. Some of the foliage is fine."

More than a week after it sparked on June 23, the Waldo Canyon fire was still being attacked by some 1,500 personnel. Crews working grueling shifts through the hot weekend made progress against the 28-square-mile fire, and authorities said they were confident they had built good fire lines in many areas to stop the spread of the flames.

The blaze was now 55 percent contained.

It was just one of several still burning in the West, where parched conditions and heat contributed to the woes facing crews on hundreds of square miles across Utah, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho.

In Colorado Springs, a line of cars a mile long queued up at a middle school checkpoint, where police checked the identification of returning residents and handed them water bottles.

Not far away from Moore's home, Bill Simmons and his wife, Debbie Byes, returned to their tri-level, passive-solar stucco home and found no damage ? just some ashes in the driveway.

"The water and electric's back on. You know, we're good to go," Simmons said by phone. "We're feeling pretty sad for our neighbors and pretty lucky for ourselves."

The house across the street burned to its foundation. It had a shake shingle roof. A house next door with shake shingles appeared undamaged, he said.

Unburned landscaping around the destroyed house suggested to Simmons that a stray ember rather than advancing flames was to blame. In all, three houses in their immediate neighborhood burned.

"It's crazy. The house across the street is burned to the foundation and the other side of the street is untouched," he said.

More evacuation orders were being lifted, which will bring the total number of people who remain blocked from their homes down to 3,000 from more than 30,000 at the peak of the fire.

Rich Harvey, incident commander for Waldo Canyon, said crews continue to make good progress.

"We're cautiously optimistic," he said Sunday.

The cause of the fire, which so far has cost $8.8 million to battle, has not been determined. Dangerous conditions had kept authorities from beginning their inquiry, but investigators were able to start work on Saturday.

A "bear invasion" confronted a few mountain enclaves west of Colorado Springs. The scent of trash had enticed black bears pushed out of their usual forest habitat by fire.

People who left in a hurry didn't take typical precautions to secure household trash against wildlife, said El Paso County Sheriff's Lt. Jeff Kramer.

"So that's become an attraction for the bears," Kramer said.

State game officials were trying to shoo the bears out, he said, and Dumpsters were stationed to help volunteers and returning homeowners throw stuff out. Kramer didn't know how many bears were causing problems.

Among the fires elsewhere in the West:

? Utah: Fire commanders say Utah's largest wildfire has consumed more than 150 square miles and shows no sign of burning itself out. Hundreds of firefighters are trying to hold the Clay Springs fire from advancing on the ranching towns of Scipio and Mills on the edge of Utah's west desert. The fire has destroyed one summer home and threatens 75 others. The fire was 48 percent contained on Sunday.

? Montana: Strong winds and high temperatures helped a wildfire near Lame Deer to grow by nearly 10 percent Sunday to 265 square miles. Hundreds of firefighters are now at the lightning-caused Ash Creek complex that started Monday and have destroyed more than 30 structures.

? Wyoming: Late Sunday night, authorities called for evacuations in an area of southern Albany County where a fast-growing wildfire was burning. The area is about 30 miles southwest of Laramie in the Medicine Bow National Forest area. It wasn't immediately clear how may residences are affected. The blaze is one of several burning through parched forest lands in Wyoming.

? Idaho: Firefighters in eastern Idaho had the 1,038-acre Charlotte fire 80 percent contained Sunday but remained cautious with a forecast of high winds and hot temperatures that could put hundreds of homes at risk.

__ Nevada: More than 300 firefighters are battling a wildfire in a remote area of eastern Nevada. The 7,000 acre Egan Fire was burning Sunday night about 9 miles south of the small town of Lund in the South Egan Wilderness.

__ New Mexico: A wildfire burning on the western border of Carlsbad Caverns National Park has grown to 5,000 acres. Officials said the fire is about five miles southeast of Queen and about a mile from the Carlsbad Caverns National Park boundary.

___

Associated Press writers Paul Foy in Salt Lake City and Keith Ridler in Boise, Idaho, contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-07-02-Western%20Wildfires/id-6be4ddad127f42f19796a5cb272e0753

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Earns schedule for selected cos. in advertising

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/earns-schedule-selected-cos-advertising-212941498.html

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Researchers find abuse during childhood may contribute to obesity in adulthood

Public release date: 2-Jul-2012
[ | E-mail |

Share ]

Contact: Gina Orlando
gina.orlando@bmc.org
617-638-8490
Boston University Medical Center

(Boston) - Investigators from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston University's Slone Epidemiology Center report research findings that may shed light on influences on obesity during adulthood. Appearing in the journal Pediatrics, the study found an association of severity of sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adolescence with obesity during adulthood.

The findings were based on the ongoing Black Women's Health Study, which has followed a large cohort of African-American women since 1995. Information provided in 2005 by more than 33,000 participants on early life experiences of abuse was assessed in relation to two measures of obesity: body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or more as a measure of overall obesity and waist circumference greater than 35 inches as a measure of central obesity.

The risk of obesity in 2005 by either measure was estimated to be approximately 30 percent greater among women in the highest category of physical and sexual abuse than in women who reported no abuse. The association was dampened but not fully explained by allowance for reproductive history, diet, physical activity and depressive symptoms, which might have been intermediates between abuse and weight gain.

According to the researchers, the findings add to growing evidence that experiences during childhood may have long-term health consequences. "Abuse during childhood may adversely shape health behaviors and coping strategies, which could lead to greater weight gain in later life," explained Rene?e Boynton-Jarrett, MD, the lead investigator of the study and a pediatric primary care physician at Boston Medical Center. She also noted that metabolic and hormonal disruptions resulting from abuse could have that effect and that childhood abuse could be a marker for other adversities. "Ultimately, greater understanding of pathways between early life abuse and adult weight status may inform obesity prevention and treatment approaches." Boynton-Jarrett cautioned that further studies are needed to clarify just which factors are responsible for the association of abuse with obesity and noted there is a consensus that pediatric providers should screen for abuse.

###
Other BUSPH researchers include: Lynn Rosenberg, professor of epidemiology and PI of the Black Women's Health Study; Julie R. Palmer, professor of epidemiology and Co-PI of the study; Lauren A. Wise, associate professor of epidemiology; and Deborah Boggs, post-doctoral fellow at BU's Slone Epidemiology Center."

Funding for the Black Women's Health Study is provided by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA 058420). Dr. Boynton-Jarrett is supported by the William T Grant Foundation, Boston University Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health K12 HD043444 NIH Office of Women's Health Research, and the Academic Pediatric Association.

[ | E-mail | Share ]
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Researchers find abuse during childhood may contribute to obesity in adulthood Public release date: 2-Jul-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Gina Orlando
gina.orlando@bmc.org
617-638-8490
Boston University Medical Center

(Boston) - Investigators from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston University's Slone Epidemiology Center report research findings that may shed light on influences on obesity during adulthood. Appearing in the journal Pediatrics, the study found an association of severity of sexual and physical abuse during childhood and adolescence with obesity during adulthood.

The findings were based on the ongoing Black Women's Health Study, which has followed a large cohort of African-American women since 1995. Information provided in 2005 by more than 33,000 participants on early life experiences of abuse was assessed in relation to two measures of obesity: body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or more as a measure of overall obesity and waist circumference greater than 35 inches as a measure of central obesity.

The risk of obesity in 2005 by either measure was estimated to be approximately 30 percent greater among women in the highest category of physical and sexual abuse than in women who reported no abuse. The association was dampened but not fully explained by allowance for reproductive history, diet, physical activity and depressive symptoms, which might have been intermediates between abuse and weight gain.

According to the researchers, the findings add to growing evidence that experiences during childhood may have long-term health consequences. "Abuse during childhood may adversely shape health behaviors and coping strategies, which could lead to greater weight gain in later life," explained Rene?e Boynton-Jarrett, MD, the lead investigator of the study and a pediatric primary care physician at Boston Medical Center. She also noted that metabolic and hormonal disruptions resulting from abuse could have that effect and that childhood abuse could be a marker for other adversities. "Ultimately, greater understanding of pathways between early life abuse and adult weight status may inform obesity prevention and treatment approaches." Boynton-Jarrett cautioned that further studies are needed to clarify just which factors are responsible for the association of abuse with obesity and noted there is a consensus that pediatric providers should screen for abuse.

###
Other BUSPH researchers include: Lynn Rosenberg, professor of epidemiology and PI of the Black Women's Health Study; Julie R. Palmer, professor of epidemiology and Co-PI of the study; Lauren A. Wise, associate professor of epidemiology; and Deborah Boggs, post-doctoral fellow at BU's Slone Epidemiology Center."

Funding for the Black Women's Health Study is provided by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA 058420). Dr. Boynton-Jarrett is supported by the William T Grant Foundation, Boston University Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health K12 HD043444 NIH Office of Women's Health Research, and the Academic Pediatric Association.

[ | E-mail | Share ]
?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/bumc-rfa062912.php
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Monday, July 2, 2012

Botulinum toxin a shot in the arm for preventing multiple sclerosis tremor

ScienceDaily (July 2, 2012) ? Botulinum toxin may help prevent shaking or tremor in the arms and hands of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), according to new research published in the July 3, 2012, print issue of Neurology?, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

"Treatments in use for tremor in MS are not sufficiently effective and new alternatives are needed," said study author Anneke van der Walt, MD, consultant neurologist at The Royal Melbourne Hospital and research fellow with the University of Melbourne in Australia.

For the study 23 people with MS were given botulinum toxin type A injections or a saline placebo for three months. Then they received the opposite treatment for the next three months. Scientists measured the tremor severity and their ability to write and draw before, during and after receiving the treatments. Video assessments were also taken every six weeks for six months.

The study found that people saw significant improvement in tremor severity, writing and drawing at six weeks and three months after the botulinum toxin treatment compared to after placebo. In tremor severity, the participants improved an average of two points on a 10-point scale, bringing their tremor from moderate to mild. In writing and drawing, participants improved by an average of one point on a 10-point scale.

"Our study suggests a new way to approach arm tremor related to MS where there are currently major treatment challenges and it also sets the framework for larger studies," said van der Walt.

Muscle weakness developed in 42 percent of people after treatment with botulinum toxin compared to six percent after placebo. The weakness was generally mild and went away within two weeks.

The study was supported by the Box Hill MS Research Fund and The Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuroscience Foundation.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Academy of Neurology.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

A. Van Der Walt, S. Sung, T. Spelman, M. Marriott, S. Kolbe, P. Mitchell, A. Evans, H. Butzkueven. A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of botulinum toxin type A in MS-related tremor. Neurology, 2012; 79 (1): 92 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825dcdd9

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120702210046.htm

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China court: Apple pays $60M to settle iPad case

FILE - In this Feb. 28, 2012 file photo, a man walks by an advertisement of Apple's iPad 2 in Shanghai, China. Apple has agreed to pay China's Shenzhen Proview Technology $60 million to settle a dispute over ownership of the iPad name, a court announced Monday, July 2, 2012, removing a potential obstacle to sales of the popular tablet computer in the key Chinese market. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File)

Visitors look at computer products near advertisement for Apple's iPad tablet computer at an Apple store in Beijing, China, Monday, July 2, 2012. Apple agreed to pay $60 million to settle a dispute in China over ownership of the iPad name, a court announced Monday, removing a potential obstacle to sales of the popular tablet computer in the key Chinese market. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)

A woman walks near the Apple logo outside an Apple store in Shanghai, China on Monday July 2, 2012. Apple agreed to pay $60 million to settle a dispute in China over ownership of the iPad name, a court announced Monday, removing a potential obstacle to sales of the popular tablet computer in the key Chinese market. (AP Photo) CHINA OUT

BEIJING (AP) ? Apple has paid $60 million to settle a dispute in China over ownership of the iPad name, a court announced Monday, removing a potential obstacle to sales of the popular tablet computer in the key Chinese market.

Apple's dispute with Shenzhen Proview Technology highlighted the possible pitfalls for global companies in China's infant trademark system. It also posed a challenge for the communist government, which wants to attract technology investors to develop China's economy.

Apple Inc. says it bought the global rights to the iPad name from Proview in 2009 but Chinese authorities say the rights in China were never transferred. A Chinese court ruled in December that Proview still owned the name in China. Proview, which is struggling financially, asked Chinese authorities to seize iPads in an apparent effort to pressure Apple to settle.

"The iPad dispute resolution is ended," the Guangdong High People's Court said in a statement. "Apple Inc. has transferred $60 million to the account of the Guangdong High Court as requested in the mediation letter."

China is Apple's second-largest market after the United States and the source of much of the Cupertino, California-based company's sales growth.

Proview hoped for more money but felt pressure to settle because it needs to pay debts, said a lawyer for the company, Xie Xianghui. He said Proview sought as much as $400 million and might still be declared bankrupt in a separate legal proceeding despite the infusion of settlement money.

"This is a result that is acceptable to both sides," Xie said.

The dispute centered on whether Apple acquired the iPad name in China when it bought rights in various countries from a Proview affiliate in Taiwan for 35,000 British pounds ($55,000). The December court ruling said Proview, which registered the iPad trademark in China in 2001, was not bound by that sale, even though it was part of the same company.

The settlement should be good news for both Apple and its customers because it clears a potential obstacle for the company to start selling the new iPad 3 in China, said You Yunting, a lawyer for the DeBund Law Office in Shanghai.

"It is a good deal for Apple, because sales of iPads, which are in great demand, can compensate for this $60 million cost," You said.

Apple has yet to announce a China release date for the iPad 3 but the country's telecommunications equipment certification agency approved the tablet in May.

The case gave Chinese authorities a chance to show that their courts could impartially resolve intellectual property disputes but also raised the possibility that technology investors might be put off by a negative outcome for Apple. Chinese regulators said Proview clearly owned the mainland name rights under Chinese rules.

Without a formal ruling, it will be hard for companies to draw lessons about how Chinese courts will handle such disputes in the future, said Stan Abrams, an American lawyer who teaches intellectual property law at Beijing's Central University of Finance and Economics.

"It's such an atypical case," he said. "Certainly, the details and specifics of this kind of commercial dispute aren't going to give us any long-term lessons."

The outcome reflects Chinese courts' preference for encouraging adversaries in commercial disputes to settle instead of pushing for a ruling, Abrams said. He said the relatively small size of the settlement by Apple's standards suggested Proview gave in, possibly under pressure from either its creditors or the court.

All of Apple's iPads are made in China by Foxconn Technologies Group, which employs more than 1 million people in sprawling factories. Brazil's government says Taiwan-based Foxconn plans to open factories there to produce iPads and other products.

Shenzhen Proview Technology is a subsidiary of LCD screen maker Proview International Holdings Ltd., headquartered in Hong Kong.

A Hong Kong court ruled in July that Proview and the Taiwan company both were "clearly under the control" of the same Taiwanese businessman, Yang Long-san, and had refused to take steps required to transfer the name under the agreement. The judge said the companies acted together "with the common intention of injuring Apple."

However, that judgment had no automatic force in the mainland case because Hong Kong, while Chinese territory, has a separate legal system.

Apple also ran into a trademark dispute before it launched the iPhone in 2007.

Cisco Systems Inc., the maker of networking hardware, had owned the trademark since 2000 and used it for a line of Internet-connected desk phones. After Cisco sued, the companies reached an undisclosed settlement and the phone launch went off as planned.

The dispute came amid complaints Beijing is failing to stamp out rampant unlicensed Chinese copying of goods ranging from music and Hollywood movies to designer clothing and pharmaceuticals.

But unlike "trademark squatters" who register names of products already sold abroad and then demand foreign companies pay for the Chinese rights, Proview registered the iPad name long before Apple planned its tablet computer.

"The only thing companies really should take form this case is, be careful when you do transactions, be careful with your contracts," Abrams said. "Be careful you're doing it the right way or you could pay a lot for your mistakes."

___

AP researcher Fu Ting in Shanghai contributed.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-07-02-AS-China-Apple-iPad-Dispute/id-baf6bc3ace0e4dd5884d4c27eb656c29

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Study finds new gene mutations that lead to enlarged brain size, cancer, autism, epilepsy

Monday, July 2, 2012

A research team led by Seattle Children's Research Institute has discovered new gene mutations associated with markedly enlarged brain size, or megalencephaly. Mutations in three genes, AKT3, PIK3R2 and PIK3CA, were also found to be associated with a constellation of disorders including cancer, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, autism, vascular anomalies and skin growth disorders. The study, "De novo germline and postzygotic mutations in AKT3, PIK3R2 and PIK3CA cause a spectrum of related megalencephaly syndromes," was published online June 24 in Nature Genetics.

The discovery offers several important lessons and hope for the future in medicine. First, the research team discovered additional proof that the genetic make-up of a person is not completely determined at the moment of conception. Researchers previously recognized that genetic changes may occur after conception, but this was believed to be quite rare. Second, discovery of the genetic causes of these human diseases, including developmental disorders, may also lead directly to new possibilities for treatment.

AKT3, PIK3R2 and PIK3CA are present in all humans, but mutations in the genes are what lead to conditions including megalencephaly, cancer and other disorders. PIK3CA is a known cancer-related gene, and appears able to make cancer more aggressive. Scientists at Boston Children's Hospital recently published similar findings related to PIK3CA and a rare condition known as CLOVES syndrome in the American Journal of Human Genetics.

Physician researcher James Olson, MD, PhD, a pediatric cancer expert at Seattle Children's and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center who was not affiliated with the study, acknowledged the two decades-worth of work that led to the findings. "This study represents ideal integration of clinical medicine and cutting-edge genomics," he said. "I hope and believe that the research will establish a foundation for successfully using drugs that were originally developed to treat cancer in a way that helps normalize intellectual and physical development of affected children. The team 'knocked it out of the park' by deep sequencing exceptionally rare familial cases and unrelated cases to identify the culprit pathway." The genes? AKT3, PIK3R2 and PIK3CA?all encode core components of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (P13K)/AKT pathway, the "culprit pathway" referenced by Olson.

The research provides a first, critical step in solving the mystery behind chronic childhood conditions and diseases. At the bedside, children with these conditions could see new treatments in the next decade. "This is a huge finding that provides not only new insight for certain brain malformations, but also, and more importantly, provides clues for what to look for in less severe cases and in conditions that affect many children," said William Dobyns, MD, a geneticist at Seattle Children's Research Institute. "Kids with cancer, for example, do not have a brain malformation, but they may have subtle growth features that haven't yet been identified. Physicians and researchers can now take an additional look at these genes in the search for underlying causes and answers."

Researchers at Seattle Children's Research Institute will now delve more deeply into the findings, with an aim to uncover even more about the potential medical implications for children. "Based on what we've found, we believe that we can eventually reduce the burden of and need for surgery for kids with hydrocephalus and change the way we treat other conditions, including cancer, autism and epilepsy," said Jean-Baptiste Rivi?re, PhD, at Seattle Children's Research Institute. "This research truly helps advance the concept of personalized medicine."

Drs. Dobyns, Rivi?re and team made this discovery through exome sequencing, a strategy used to selectively sequence the coding regions of the genome as an inexpensive but effective alternative to whole genome sequencing. An exome is the most functionally relevant part of a genome, and is most likely to contribute to the phenotype, or observed traits and characteristics, of an organism.

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Seattle Children's: http://www.seattlechildrens.org

Thanks to Seattle Children's for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/121390/Study_finds_new_gene_mutations_that_lead_to_enlarged_brain_size__cancer__autism__epilepsy

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